Documentation

UriNormalizer
in package

Provides methods to normalize and compare URIs.

Tags
author

Tobias Schultze

link
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-6

Table of Contents

CAPITALIZE_PERCENT_ENCODING  = 1
All letters within a percent-encoding triplet (e.g., "%3A") are case-insensitive, and should be capitalized.
CONVERT_EMPTY_PATH  = 4
Converts the empty path to "/" for http and https URIs.
DECODE_UNRESERVED_CHARACTERS  = 2
Decodes percent-encoded octets of unreserved characters.
PRESERVING_NORMALIZATIONS  = 63
Default normalizations which only include the ones that preserve semantics.
REMOVE_DEFAULT_HOST  = 8
Removes the default host of the given URI scheme from the URI.
REMOVE_DEFAULT_PORT  = 16
Removes the default port of the given URI scheme from the URI.
REMOVE_DOT_SEGMENTS  = 32
Removes unnecessary dot-segments.
REMOVE_DUPLICATE_SLASHES  = 64
Paths which include two or more adjacent slashes are converted to one.
SORT_QUERY_PARAMETERS  = 128
Sort query parameters with their values in alphabetical order.
isEquivalent()  : bool
Whether two URIs can be considered equivalent.
normalize()  : UriInterface
Returns a normalized URI.
__construct()  : mixed
capitalizePercentEncoding()  : mixed
decodeUnreservedCharacters()  : mixed

Constants

CAPITALIZE_PERCENT_ENCODING

All letters within a percent-encoding triplet (e.g., "%3A") are case-insensitive, and should be capitalized.

public mixed CAPITALIZE_PERCENT_ENCODING = 1

Example: http://example.org/a%c2%b1b → http://example.org/a%C2%B1b

CONVERT_EMPTY_PATH

Converts the empty path to "/" for http and https URIs.

public mixed CONVERT_EMPTY_PATH = 4

Example: http://example.org → http://example.org/

DECODE_UNRESERVED_CHARACTERS

Decodes percent-encoded octets of unreserved characters.

public mixed DECODE_UNRESERVED_CHARACTERS = 2

For consistency, percent-encoded octets in the ranges of ALPHA (%41–%5A and %61–%7A), DIGIT (%30–%39), hyphen (%2D), period (%2E), underscore (%5F), or tilde (%7E) should not be created by URI producers and, when found in a URI, should be decoded to their corresponding unreserved characters by URI normalizers.

Example: http://example.org/%7Eusern%61me/ → http://example.org/~username/

PRESERVING_NORMALIZATIONS

Default normalizations which only include the ones that preserve semantics.

public mixed PRESERVING_NORMALIZATIONS = 63

self::CAPITALIZE_PERCENT_ENCODING | self::DECODE_UNRESERVED_CHARACTERS | self::CONVERT_EMPTY_PATH | self::REMOVE_DEFAULT_HOST | self::REMOVE_DEFAULT_PORT | self::REMOVE_DOT_SEGMENTS

REMOVE_DEFAULT_HOST

Removes the default host of the given URI scheme from the URI.

public mixed REMOVE_DEFAULT_HOST = 8

Only the "file" scheme defines the default host "localhost". All of file:/myfile, file:///myfile, and file://localhost/myfile are equivalent according to RFC 3986. The first format is not accepted by PHPs stream functions and thus already normalized implicitly to the second format in the Uri class. See GuzzleHttp\Psr7\Uri::composeComponents.

Example: file://localhost/myfile → file:///myfile

REMOVE_DEFAULT_PORT

Removes the default port of the given URI scheme from the URI.

public mixed REMOVE_DEFAULT_PORT = 16

Example: http://example.org:80/ → http://example.org/

REMOVE_DOT_SEGMENTS

Removes unnecessary dot-segments.

public mixed REMOVE_DOT_SEGMENTS = 32

Dot-segments in relative-path references are not removed as it would change the semantics of the URI reference.

Example: http://example.org/../a/b/../c/./d.html → http://example.org/a/c/d.html

REMOVE_DUPLICATE_SLASHES

Paths which include two or more adjacent slashes are converted to one.

public mixed REMOVE_DUPLICATE_SLASHES = 64

Webservers usually ignore duplicate slashes and treat those URIs equivalent. But in theory those URIs do not need to be equivalent. So this normalization may change the semantics. Encoded slashes (%2F) are not removed.

Example: http://example.org//foo///bar.html → http://example.org/foo/bar.html

SORT_QUERY_PARAMETERS

Sort query parameters with their values in alphabetical order.

public mixed SORT_QUERY_PARAMETERS = 128

However, the order of parameters in a URI may be significant (this is not defined by the standard). So this normalization is not safe and may change the semantics of the URI.

Example: ?lang=en&article=fred → ?article=fred&lang=en

Note: The sorting is neither locale nor Unicode aware (the URI query does not get decoded at all) as the purpose is to be able to compare URIs in a reproducible way, not to have the params sorted perfectly.

Methods

isEquivalent()

Whether two URIs can be considered equivalent.

public static isEquivalent(UriInterface $uri1, UriInterface $uri2[, int $normalizations = self::PRESERVING_NORMALIZATIONS ]) : bool

Both URIs are normalized automatically before comparison with the given $normalizations bitmask. The method also accepts relative URI references and returns true when they are equivalent. This of course assumes they will be resolved against the same base URI. If this is not the case, determination of equivalence or difference of relative references does not mean anything.

Parameters
$uri1 : UriInterface

An URI to compare

$uri2 : UriInterface

An URI to compare

$normalizations : int = self::PRESERVING_NORMALIZATIONS

A bitmask of normalizations to apply, see constants

Tags
link
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-6.1
Return values
bool —

normalize()

Returns a normalized URI.

public static normalize(UriInterface $uri[, int $flags = self::PRESERVING_NORMALIZATIONS ]) : UriInterface

The scheme and host component are already normalized to lowercase per PSR-7 UriInterface. This methods adds additional normalizations that can be configured with the $flags parameter.

PSR-7 UriInterface cannot distinguish between an empty component and a missing component as getQuery(), getFragment() etc. always return a string. This means the URIs "/?#" and "/" are treated equivalent which is not necessarily true according to RFC 3986. But that difference is highly uncommon in reality. So this potential normalization is implied in PSR-7 as well.

Parameters
$uri : UriInterface

The URI to normalize

$flags : int = self::PRESERVING_NORMALIZATIONS

A bitmask of normalizations to apply, see constants

Tags
link
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-6.2
Return values
UriInterface —

The normalized URI

__construct()

private __construct() : mixed
Return values
mixed —

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